Ua hele lōʻihi nā mākēneki mai nā lā o kou wā ʻōpio i hoʻohana ai ʻoe i nā hola i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kēlā mau mea kiʻi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni i ka puka pahu hau o kou makuahine.ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā magnets o kēia lā ma mua o ka wā ma mua a ʻo kā lākou ʻano like ʻole e hoʻohana iā lākou i nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
Ua hoʻololi nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana like ʻole i ka honua a me ka ceramic magnets - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana i kēia manawa.ʻOiai ʻike ka nui o nā mea ʻoihana i kēia mau magnet, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e ʻokoʻa ai lākou.Eia ka papa kuhikuhi wikiwiki o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano magnet ʻelua, a me kahi hōʻuluʻulu o kā lākou mau pono a me nā hemahema.
Honua Lakaʻikaʻi
Hiki ke haku ʻia kēia mau magnet ikaika loa me ka neodymium a i ʻole ka samarium, ʻo ia mau mea ʻelua no ka lanthanide series of elements.Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ʻo Samarium i nā 1970s, me nā neodymium magnets i hoʻohana ʻia i ka makahiki 1980.ʻO ka neodymium a me ka samarium nā mea hoʻokalakupua honua ikaika a hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi ʻoihana he nui me nā turbines ikaika loa a me nā mea hana a me nā noi ʻepekema.
Neodymium
I kekahi manawa, kapa ʻia nā magnet NdFeB no nā mea i loaʻa iā lākou - neodymium, hao a boron, a i ʻole NIB wale nō - ʻo nā magnet neodymium ka ikaika loa i loaʻa.ʻO ka huahana ikehu kiʻekiʻe (BHmax) o kēia mau magnet, e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika kumu, hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 50MGOe.
ʻO kēlā BHmax kiʻekiʻe - ma kahi o 10 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kahi magnet seramika - hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono no kekahi mau noi, akā aia kahi tradeoff: ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka neodymium i ke koʻikoʻi wela, ʻo ia hoʻi inā ʻoi aku ia ma mua o kahi mahana, e nalowale kona hiki. e hana.ʻO ka Tmax o nā neodymium magnets he 150 degere Celsius, ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka samarium cobalt a i ʻole ka ceramic.(E hoʻomanaʻo, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka mahana kūpono e nalowale ai ka ikaika o nā magnet i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai i ka wela.)
Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Magnets e pili ana i kā lākou Tcurie.Ke hoʻomehana ʻia nā magnet i nā mahana ma mua o ko lākou Tmax, ma ka hapanui o nā hihia hiki ke hoʻōla hou i ka wā i hoʻomāʻalili ʻia;ʻO ka Tcurie ka wela ma mua o ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla.No ka neodymium magnet, ʻo ka Tcurie he 310 degere Celsius;ʻAʻole hiki i nā neodymium magnet i hoʻomehana ʻia a ʻoi aku paha i kēlā mehana ke hoʻihoʻi hou i ka hana ke hoʻomaha ʻia.Loaʻa nā Tcuries kiʻekiʻe o ka samarium a me ka seramika, kahi i koho maikaʻi ai lākou no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe.
Paʻa loa nā magnet Neodymium i ka lilo ʻana i demagnetized e nā māla magnetic o waho, akā ʻano lākou i ka pala a ua uhi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā magnet i mea e pale ai mai ka pala.
Samarium Cobalt
Loaʻa ka Samarium cobalt, a i ʻole SaCo, nā magnet i nā makahiki 1970, a mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻano hana like ʻole.ʻOiai ʻaʻole ikaika e like me ka neodymium magnet - samarium cobalt magnets maʻamau ka BHmax ma kahi o 26 - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau magnet i hiki ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā magnet neodymium.He 300 degere Celsius ka Tmax o kahi māneki kobalt samarium, a hiki i ka Tcurie ke like me 750 degere Celsius.ʻO ko lākou ikaika pili i hui pū ʻia me ko lākou hiki ke kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe loa e kūpono iā lākou no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe.ʻAʻole like me nā neodymium magnets, loaʻa i nā magnet samarium cobalt maikaʻi ke kū'ē i ka corrosion;ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o nā magnet neodymium.
Keramika
Hana ʻia me ka barium ferrite a i ʻole ka strontium, ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā magnet seramika ma mua o nā mea hoʻokalakupua honua a ua hoʻohana mua ʻia i nā makahiki 1960.ʻAʻole i like ka ikaika me ka BHmax maʻamau ma kahi o 3.5 - ma kahi o ka hapaʻumi a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka neodymium a i ʻole ka samarium cobalt magnets.
E pili ana i ka wela, he Tmax o 300 degere Celsius a, e like me nā magnet samarium, he Tcurie o 460 degere Celsius.Paʻa loa nā magnet keramika i ka corrosion a maʻamau ʻaʻole koi i kahi uhi pale.He maʻalahi lākou i ka magnetize a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā neodymium a i ʻole samarium cobalt magnets;akā naʻe, palupalu loa nā magnet seramika, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea koho maikaʻi ʻole no nā noi e pili ana i ka loli nui a i ʻole ke kaumaha.Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā magnet seramika no nā hōʻikeʻike lumi papa a me nā noi ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka ikaika, e like me nā mea hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole turbines.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi home a i ka hana ʻana i nā pepa magnetic a me nā hōʻailona.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-09-2022
